Provides an overview of labour migration to kerala, india. The editorial team would like to pay special tribute to professor graeme hugo, director of the australian population and migration research centre at the university of adelaide, who passed away on 20 january 2015. Domestic migrant workers in kerala and their socio. Gulati institute of finance and taxationgift20, domestic migrant labour dml in kerala. Prospects and challenges of outmigration from south asia. The conventional labour market of kerala is highly politically conscientised and trade unionized one. Irudaya rajan september 2015 the kerala migration survey 2014 is financed by the special grant from the kerala state planning board, government of kerala, thiruvananthapuram. On the one hand, labour migration mitigates social tensions due to physical reduction of labour supply and serves as a source of hard currency inflow, in addition, it promotes acquisition of new knowledge and skills by migrants. District migration profile ernakulam labour migration to. Kerala is on the threshold of a transition, and the consequences positive and negative of migration will play an important role in shaping the states future. Marine fishing ponnani is the major fish landing centre in malappuram district. Migrant labourers in kerala, indias southern most state, are a significant economic force in the state.
Box 935 bhat bhateni, kathmandu, nepal phone 9771 4418345, 9771 44316 fax 9771 4415881. Bonded labour system is such a system in which a labourer takes loan from the moneylender or landlord, and in turn, agrees to serve him till the principal amount and interest charged on it was not paid back. State consultative meeting on labour migration from bihar october 12th, 2017 draft policy framework for improving the conditions of labour migrants from bihar. Migrant labourers in kerala, india s southern most state, are a significant economic force in the state. Migration from kerala declines for the first time in 50 years. Ilo, ilo plan of action on labour migration in asia pacific, bangkok, 2005, p.
Irudaya rajan chair professor, ministry of overseas indian affairs research unit on international migration, centre for development studies, kerala published by migrant forum in asia may 2014 cofunded by. The aided schools were brought within the statutory ambit of the department. List of members of the working group on migration 1. Online licence details for the contract labour regulation and abolition act, 1970 district name thiruvananthapuram kollam pathanamthitta alappuzha kottayam idukki erunakulam thrissur palakkad malappuram kozhikkode wayanad kannur kasaragod head quarters kerala. Insights from nsso data introduction of late labour migration is getting feminized especially in developing. Tea, cardamom, rubber and coffee are the major crops. However, there are tamil couples here who have come to work leaving their children with relatives in their native places. Rules regarding opening of new schools, appointment of new teachers and their. In kerala, formation of the labour department was initiated by diwan sir c. The first of the two, conducted in 1998, was known as kerala migration study kms. Unique development experience of kerala has its own influence on the labour market of the state. Preference of migrant workers to continue in kerala for a long time.
Though the migrants from northern and eastern indian states are not skilled enough to work in these plantations, the shortage of labour has been forcing plantation managements to hire them. Largescale interstate labour migration within india is facilitated by the freedom of. In the indian state of kerala in 2004, 26 percent of all households had at least one temporary international. Labour migration as complementary pathways for refugees in the asiapacific. Looking back to the history, we can notice that labour outmigration did not create any major problems in labour market in kerala. Today, the presence of migrant workers in keralas labour market is so visible that language. This paper examines the socioeconomic condition of the migrant workers in kerala. Pdf the present paper focuses on the working environment, which is the core of employment relationship, faced by the migrant unskilled. Pdf economic conditions of the migrant workers in kerala. Income from remittances will decline and the extent of migration to the gulf decrease as the region sees a saturation of the labour market. Largescale interstate labour migration within india is facilitated by the freedom of movement for citizens within this huge nation state. Innovative approaches for the management of labor migration.
The kerala migration survey 2007 observes that the unemployment rate in kerala has declined to 12. Narratives revolving around the early postoil migration that began in the 1940s possess especially interesting dimensions. Kerala workers, the ability of kerala workers to sustain themselves with remittances from relatives, the reluctance on the part of kerala workers to do dirty and hard physical work all these have stimulated the era of replacement migration in kerala. However, such internal labour migration within india remains largely unstudied and offers huge scope for gaining significant new knowledge. The research paper mainly focus on causes and consequences of migration in india. The narrative around internal labour migration from bihar is focused on the states identity as. Migration and border policy project working paper 9.
The study, based on long distance trains terminating in kerala. Implications for the creation of decent jobs, 19902030 2015 human development report office 2 background paper david bloom is clarence james gamble professor of economics and demography at the department of global health and population, harvard t. This paper examines the impact of labour migration on unemployment in the context of the accession of bulgaria and romania to the eu and the eus rules on the free movement of workers. Social integration of migrant workers in kerala kerala institute of. Insights from nsso data introduction of late labour migration is getting feminized especially in developing countries. Issues and perspectives for india australia and new zealand gulf counties the european union ed old and new members of the eu newly emerging labourimporting countries in east and southeast asia, viz.
The new economics of labour migration nelm perspective argues that migration decision who goes where, for how long, and to do what, are joint decisions taken by the household, and differently for different members of the household. Mar 20, 2015 posts about labour law kerala written by thomas geeverghese labour law updates a blog which brings out latest news and developments in the field of labour law, with a special focus on state of kerala. Migration in general, internal or interstate, migration of labour is an ageold phenomenon in india. Kerala has been discussed in detail in the following section. Synthesis of the answers to the questionnaire on labour. Dynamics of labour market in kerala is having a strong bearing upon its history of inmigration and out migration. District migration profile malappuram labour migration to. Kerala has a unique pattern of development of urban rural continuum i. The case of labour migration to punjab from bihar and other places has widely been quoted as an example.
Pdf unravelling labour migration to kerala gods own. District migration profile ernakulam labour migration to kerala. The kerala education act of 1958 was a unique legislation, the impact of which reverberated throughout the social life of the then nascent state. Migration is likely to generate the linkage between income and growth by reducing constraints. Though the migrants from northern and eastern indian states are not skilled enough to work in these plantations, the shortage of labour has.
However, the kerala migration survey data indicate that both male and female labour migration from kerala peaked in 2003 and has since been declining. Falling female labour force participation in kerala. Emigration from kerala, andhra pradesh and tamil nadu a. India is the principal country of origin for the 17 million migrants in gcc countries. Migrant workers in kerala munich personal repec archive. Munambam, vypin and cochin harbour are the major fish landing centres in the district. Outmigration is not a random phenomenon, but shows clear patterns involving certain groups of people and certain regions like the states of kerala, tamil nadu, andhra pradesh and rajasthan in india, the hilly regions in nepal and the areas of chittagong. Significant presence of families with children was not identified in the district.
Kerala, a state of southern india is witnessing large inflow of migrant labour from different parts of. Labour migration trends and patterns the asia foundation. The construction work is hard physical labour often under. The study is of a pilot nature on internal migration in kerala with a very limited sample size of. Uttar pradesh was the top contributor at 230,000 outward migrants. State consultative meeting on labour migration from bihar. Kerala and punjab despite the small number of return migrants in the sample. Introduction kerala, widely known for exporting labour to the gulf countries kannan and. This study was designed to investigate the consequences of internal migration on family at destination.
Total stock of inmigrants 25 lakh estimate of gift in 20. Posts about labour law kerala written by thomas geeverghese labour law updates a blog which brings out latest news and developments in the field of labour law, with a. Thus, loan or indebtedness is the root cause behind the existence of this labour system. Irudaya rajan this article employs survey data from the most recent interstate migrant survey in kerala ismsk to show how outofstate migrants are kept isolated from the surrounding community. Plantations idukki is the cradle of plantation crops in kerala.
The leading indian states for outward labour migration, in 2014, included uttar pradesh, bihar, tamil nadu, kerala, andhra pradesh, west bengal, punjab, and rajasthan. Out migration is not a random phenomenon, but shows clear patterns involving certain groups of people and certain regions like the states of kerala, tamil nadu, andhra pradesh and rajasthan in india, the hilly regions in nepal and the areas of chittagong. Prospects and challenges of outmigration from south asia and. Human development report office a guidance note for. India labour migration update 2018 ap migration ilo. Online licence details for the contract labourregulation and abolition act, 1970 district name thiruvananthapuram kollam pathanamthitta alappuzha kottayam idukki erunakulam thrissur palakkad malappuram kozhikkode wayanad kannur kasaragod head quarters kerala. Given keralas long history of labour migration, womens shrinking participation raises questions about the possible role of female labour emigration to destinations outside the state. Labour migration is associated with both positive and negative social impacts. A study on issues of inter state migrant labourers in india. Every year, the migrant worker population in kerala increases by 2. The people compelled to migrant due to two factors development. District migration profile idukki labour migration to kerala. Migration of people from kerala, south india, to the arab gulf region has generated various forms of oral histories and local narratives, both in the migrants host countries and in kerala. Synthesis of the answers to the questionnaire on labour migration.
Chandrasekhar, indira gandhi institute of development research, mumbai member 3. Acknowledgements this guidance note, published by the undp human development report office hdro, was mainly prepared by marielle sander lindstrom and tim scott, and substantively. Emigration from kerala, andhra pradesh and tamil nadu a mapping of surveys on international labour migration from india prepared by dr. Gautam bhan, indian institute for human settlement s member 2. Together, these states accounted for over 80% of the migration from india at 678,644 outward migrants. Maharashtra, gujarat, west bengal, the southern states of andhra pradesh, kerala, karnataka and tamil nadu, as well as the neighbouring states of chhattisgarh and jharkhand rodgers et al, 20. Another important reason of migration of households is study which accounts for 10. The second, conducted in 2003, was known as south asia migration study sms. Although migration is a multidimensional problem and its causes are varied, it has been a subject of study to administrators, scholars and researchers all over the world. Documents such as passport, visa, work permit, labour card and health insurance issued by. This paper, research on the labour recruitment industry between united arab emirates, kerala india and nepal, was commissioned to the international organization for migration by the ministry of human resources and emiratisation of the united arab emirates uae within the framework of the abu dhabi dialogue. The labour scenario changed after the second world war due to widespread industrialization and it necessitated the formation of a department to handle the labour problems. Interstate unskilled migrants of kerala, south india.
Consumption expenditure, internal migration, kerala, network, reason for migration, remittances. Human development report office a guidance note for human. Marine fishing ernakulam is a major hub of fishing activity in kerala and the marine fishing sector depends heavily on migrant workers. We analyse the income, consumption and savings pattern, and nature of work of the migrant workers in the trivandrum district, based on data from a sample of 166 migrant workers. The editorial team would like to pay special tribute to professor graeme hugo, director of the australian population and migration research centre at the university of adelaide, who passed away on 20 january 2015, after finalizing his background paper for this report. Economic conditions of the migrant workers in kerala. Second, migration to the gulf is large relative to the areas that migrants come from. First, does intraeu labour migration correlate with employmentunemployment. District migration profile malappuram labour migration to kerala. While existing studies provide evidences for short distance migration to kerala from nearby states like tamil nadu and karnataka, we.